Art Is Indefinable Essay Example

Art Is Indefinable Essay Example Art Is Indefinable Essay Art Is Indefinable Essay Art is indefinable because of its constant evolution. This evolution has taken place because art inherently has an aspect of human contribution and, therefore, is subject to progression in ways as numerous as its very creators changes. There are two main reasons that illustrate the fact that art is indefinable. These reasons are that art has a changing role in society, and that the various production methods of art endlessly transform. The first of the reasons is crucial because it shows that art, as a result of the human artist, will necessarily change when its human maker changes.This is what allows for art to have a specific time setting in which it will have a particular meaning and importance. Thus, because of the infusion of an artist into their art, the piece will in some degree convey a glimpse of a changing social environment. This environment may never be relevant again after that specific point in time, indirectly illustrating history and change. The second reason for illustration again focuses on how the involvement of procedural evolution does not allow for the permanent defining of art, in this case in regards to the applied art production methods.Most recently computers have revolutionized some forms of art. It has also created a new movement through the application of technology in new and unique ways to the creation process. If art had been permanently defined prior to this new use of computers it would have stifled what has become a new and exciting branch of art, and as a consequence could have limited future productions from unimagined advancements. An inflexible and permanent definition of art as a result of the aforementioned reasons is detrimental to the progression of art that is crucial to its very continuance. And as a result of this constant evolution art is indefinable.

Employment Scenario in India Essays

Employment Scenario in India Essays Employment Scenario in India Essay Employment Scenario in India Essay Employment has emerged as an important subject in the development agenda of most national governments and several international organisations over the past two decades. In recent years, the processes of globalisation have also resulted in certain trends in labour markets in both the developed and developing countries. in the developing countries, fears have been expressed of displacement of workers in the hither to protected sectors as a result of international competition. Current scenario of India: As a belong to India, I would like to emphasize on the current education and employment scenario in India. In India, The educational system follows 12 years of schooling and then a 3-4 years of graduation course, and 2 years of post graduation course. India  has a total  of 253 universities and 12,732 colleges right now. Growth rate of employment is 3. 29% in 2009. Highest rate of Employment is observed in agriculture , fishing and forestry- 296. 62 million. The Lowest rate of employment is in Electricity, Gas and water supply – 1. 5 million. The country is having a population of 1. 2 billion while the total employment is 529. 87 million. It indicates that major portion of the youth remain unemployed. Major employment challenges in India: 1. Population: India  is the  second most populous  country in the world, with over 1. 18 billion people (estimate for April, 2010), more than a sixth of the worlds population. More than this every year about 5 million people become eligible for securing jobs. But the employment opportunities are much lower than the job seekers. 2. Poverty: In India, Poverty often forces households to withdraw children from schools for reasons of both direct and opportunity costs. In addition, schools and the style of instruction are not always attractive for the children. In the case of girls, the familial attitude towards educating them continues to be discriminatory. As a result, Drop-out rates are high: at 40 per cent in the primary, 50 per cent in the middle and 66 per cent in the secondary stages of schooling for boys and 42 per cent, 58 per cent and 72 per cent at the three levels, for girls In rural families. 42 per  cent of children said they wanted to be graduates and just 24 per  cent wished to go in for a post-graduate  degree. Even the choice of subject changed according to the occupation of parentschildren of the salaried class were more likely to study engineering or medicine. 3. Employability: A part of the problem of employment has always been the result of a mismatch between qualitative aspects of the supply and demand of labour: demand has remained unfulfilled due to non-availability of workers with requisite skills and workers have remained unemployed or underemployed as they have no skills or their skills have no demand. This mismatch seems to have grown in recent years due to fast changes in production technologies and structures to which the skill supply mechanisms and institutions have not been quick enough to respond. 4. Rate of Literacy: 39 per cent of the Indian workforce in the 15 years and above age group is illiterate; another 23 per cent have studied only up to the primary level. Only 22 per cent have secondary and higher level of education. 5. No of colleges: India  has a total  of 253 universities and 12,732 colleges right now. If we take the total  population in the relevant age group and divide this by the number of colleges/universities, then it shows that, at the all-India level, each university will have to cater for around 250,000-300,000 studentswhile thats about the size of Delhi University, there arent too many universities of this size in the country, nor are many being planned. 6. Educational Infrastructure: The infrastructure and curriculum of the school and colleges suffer from lack of adequate technologies, Shortage of funds. The curriculum of professional colleges are not updated to met the requirements of the industry. India is having Total engineering colleges more than 3000, when Total number of  Private MBA  colleges  in India is more than 1700. Almost 90% of these  colleges  are unable to provide quality education. Only top 10% college of Engineering and managements are able to provide job to students through Campus selection. 7. Economic depression : sick industries are often close down compelling their employees to become unemployed. 8. Technological advancement : Technological advancement contributes to economic development . But unplanned and uncontrolled growth of technology is causing havoc on job opportunities. The computerization and automation has led to technological unemployment. 9. Industry lockouts: Strikes and lockouts have become inseparable aspect of the industrial world today. Since workers do not get any salary or wages during the strike period they suffer from economic hardships. They become permanently or temporarily unemployed. How to improve the education system: Education system plays a crucial role in the employment scenario. Because it delivers the students who possess the skills and knowledge to participate in the global economy. Following measures should be taken to make the students employable in Public and Private sectors: 1. Increasing No of Schools: As discussed earlier, the existing No of schools are not adequate to provide quality education to the eligible students. So the No. of universities and colleges must be increased. 2. Providing Free education: In primary level, Education in the Govt. Schools should be made free for rural families. Also No of scholarships should be increased for higher education. . Developing Infrastructure: Increase spending substantially on primary and high school education (Both qualitative and quantitative). Increase the salaries of teachers at least at per with university lecturers and put stringent quality control while recruiting the teachers and introduce accountability among them. We must increase substantially the number of primary schools and quality of those a nd improve on physical infrastructures like school buildings, a minimum standard of school laboratory and library, a decent play ground, some internet connected computers in libraries etc. In technical institutions, technical equipments should be used in instructing. 4. Pattern of evaluation: Subsequently the exam patterns should change and put more emphasis on original thinking and problem solving rather than emphasizing database-quiz type format. 5. Improving curriculum: Basic education should be in mother tongue but English also should be compulsory from class 1. Technical education should be made available to students who have completed 8 years of schooling. To cover the lack of skills, a mechanism needs to be set up at different levels - national, regional and local - to continuously assess the emerging skill requirements of the rapidly changing economic and technological scene and reorient the training infrastructure to meet them. Second, it is necessary to develop training systems to meet the skill requirements of the unorganised sector, which is likely to be the main source of new employment opportunities, in highly diverse activities with many common as well as specific skills. 6. Training for competitive exams: In higher educational institutions, students should be prepared to clear the competitive exams. It will make a large No. Of students eligible for various public sector jobs. Conclusion: The first lead in improving the educational system should be taken by the Government. Because though Education in Private Colleges are expensive, they are having a good infrastructure and placement record compared to the Govt. Colleges. Govt. Should take initiative to increase no of schools and colleges with proper facilities, and also improve the curriculum and infrastructure of present education system.

Criminal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Criminal - Essay Example According to Pell v. Procunier(1974), it was held that inmates could not have personal or face-to-face interviews with media personnel (Pollock, 2011). This prohibition is irrespective of whether the interview is peaceful and without threats. Inmates are thus advised to use other alternative methods of communication other than personal interviews. In Procunier v. Martinez, communication with inmates is highly prohibited and prison wardens have an obligation to ensure that this constitutional law is followed. In most prisons, there are prisoners who have been assigned the duty to ensure that law of prison is followed and who also speaks on behalf of prisoners. The warden in this case, has no other option but to make it known to the prisoners that the law does not allow personal interviews with the media personnel. The warden should also agree with the inmates’ clerks to maintain order in the prison. Part 2; Several inmates confined to a disciplinary segregation unit submit letters to the Warden of a correctional facility, indicating that they want to attend mandatory religious services, on a significant holy day of their chosen religion; do you have to allow them to attend? If not, why? According to May v. Sheahan, an inmate is entitled to exercise freely his religious practices as outlined in the Free Exercise Clause (Pollock, 2011). Prison regulation that does not adhere to this clause can only be upheld if it is reasonable under legitimate interests. Thus, all prisoners including those in the disciplinary unit have the right to exercise their faith. These rights should be protected as they help in the transformation process. Religion contributes a lot in strengthening their morals and in changing their criminal lifestyle to that of a morally upright person who has the ability to make ethical decisions. In relation to this, prison warden should allow the inmates to practice their faith freely and to access religious materials concerning their

Leadership Behavior in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Behavior in the workplace - Essay Example It also gives a narrative criticism on the article journal by examining female entrepreneurs’ management style as an application of a relational frame. The articulation of abstract in this article is decent. This is because the first line of the article contains the purpose of the research in an exhaustive manner. For example, this paper reports the result of a qualitative analysis of female entrepreneurs’ and their roles in their organizations using Relational Theory. The report of content analysis of group shows that women used a relational approach in working with employees and clients lacks the problem statement, which should appear in the second line of an abstract. The article does not explain the approach that the research employed in the third sentence of the abstract. Instead, it articulates some of the relational skills required in a place of work such as preserving, mutual empowering, achieving and creative team. The abstract indicates the findings of the research clearly in the fourth line. The findings show that Relational Theory is a useful frame in identifying and explicating women entrepreneur in their own bu siness. Finally, a concluding statement about the research is lacking in the abstract. The title of the article is appropriate. This is because it provides a thought of what is contained in the articles. It makes use of a particular theory, Relational Theory to answer subjectively the problem statement, leadership Behaviour in a work place (Xiaojun, 2014). Some of the in-text citation of the article is not in reference to American Psychology Association (APA) format. For example in page 1, the introduction of an in-text, citation at the beginning of a sentence should not make use of quotation marks as contained in this article. In addition, the use of page numbers in the in-text citation on the same reference applies to Modern Language Association (MLA) format. Therefore, this is a shortcoming since the referencing style used in the

Causal story paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causal story paper - Essay Example This is indeed true for many Latin American nations that have a deficit of foreign capital and are under increasing pressure of going for market driven reforms. Irrespective of the governmental constraints and the increasing opposition of the private sector, a favourable interaction of many variables like the labour backed parties at home and the ties of the local trade unions to the foreign labour and human rights groups has pushed the state governments to opt for pro labour reforms. It is primarily owing to the dependent variable that is the labour backed local parties and the independent variable that are the foreign based labour and human rights groups that the trade unions in Latin America have been able to wrest out favourable reforms. The deregulation of economies and the immense pressure for free market reforms has proved to be very favourable for the trade unions in the Latin American nations that have a history of labour mobilization and organization (Murillo & Schrank 974) . ... Though the labour backed parties in Latin America have been trying hard to break in into new constituencies, yet they could not afford to ignore the traditional support of the independent variables like the organized labour that happen to be a ready source of support and vote. Thereby the local labour backed parties do make it a point to press the governments to opt for pro labour union reforms, because if they fail to do so, they fear losing the support of the organized labour in their constituencies that is historically organized and is capable of shifting alliances if the need be. Argentina happens to be a typical example of a Latin American nation where the governments irrespective of being pro liberalization had to pass pro labour union reforms under pressure from the local labour backed parties (Murillo & Schrank 988). In contrast the Latin American nations which have a tradition of labour repression, the pro labour reforms owe their origins to a different set of variables. The se economies with the enhanced liberalization have become increasingly export dependent and it is the markets like the US where the goods produced by these nations find the customers. Being cost sensitive the governments in these nations are traditionally averse to labour reforms. However, the dependent variables like the labour unions in these nations have wrested reforms by aligning with a different independent variable that are the labour and human rights groups based abroad. These foreign based labour and human rights groups exert a pressure on their governments to push the rogue nations to opt for labour reforms in lieu of getting access to the US

Meetings Incentives Conferences And Exhibitions In The Uk Tourism Essay

Meetings Incentives Conferences And Exhibitions In The Uk Tourism Essay Conference organizing nowadays is not an easy task especially when taking steps to enforce security and risk management measures (Bowdin et al, 2006). Conferences that observe good health status, low risks and high security measures are the most probable places to get high number of clients. Some centers provide tourism sectors, sports and other leisure activities to its clients and all this services have to be maintained so as to attract a good number of clients (Davidson and Rogers, 2006, pp 48). The MICE sector is an organization that is based in the United Kingdom and is geared to generate large capital in the economy. Tourism in the UK is an important sector that boosts its activities and so this calls for large amounts of capital to maintain the facilities. The tourism sector in the UK includes a lot of business travels which entails activities such as attending conferences, incentive travels, trade fairs and exhibitions and also individual preference for leisure travels (Golden, 2007, pp 18). According to Rogers (2008, pp 255), the top ten conference destinations and conference business within the UK includes London, York, Glasgow, Cardiff, Newcastle, Harrogate, Edinburgh, Bournemouth, Briton Hove and lastly Perthshire. Among the top conference centers in the UK, London hosts the most number of meetings and is the top most in performance compared to the other destinations (Lawson, 2000, pp 156). Davidson and Rogers (2006, pp 50), reviewed some of the reasons as to why London is at the top in hosting MICE events. He discovered that London is centrally placed in the country and it has an easy access to travel by air and this gives the travelers an easy time when moving about. It also hosts a good number of finance sectors, banking industry, culture and arts and lastly it provides headquarters of many international companies. Apart from the following advantages, Golden (2007, pp 18), has observed that London is loosing a lot of valuable tourists because it has been overpopu lated with no space for further expansion services. The MICE sector faces a lot of challenges in the industry including the need to improve facilities that are used in collecting data in the sector. MICE have decided to improve its facilities by involving the government in providing it with capital. The support extends to training staffs working in the sector, improving the infrastructural facilities and finally conducting enough researches on its destinations centers so as to maximize the opportunities available in this center (Jago et al, 2003, pp 12). One of the conference centers that is under the MICE sector is Arena and Convention Center Liverpool (ACC Liverpool). It is situated in river Mersey and it is one of the largest and top class convention centers in the United Kingdom. It is combined in a single venue but has multifunctional sectors in it (Jones, 2005, pp 242). The venue has a committed staff that ensures it meets the daily needs of its monthly and daily clients. According to (Jones, 2005, pp 245), the ACC Liverpool convention has environmentally friendly measures implemented, in that it releases less toxic substances in the air such as carbon dioxide and it also uses less electricity costs compared to the other centers in the United Kingdom. It is a centre that hosts many Europes exhibitions, arts and culture shows, conferences and also lives performances by prominent persons. This gives it a credit when competing with the other centers that are located in United Kingdom. Its continuous growth is focused on using more mitigation measures such as recycling its waste materials, conducting a waste management trainings for its immediate staffs in the surrounding and concentrating on utilizing energy efficient services (Jones, 2005, pp 187). Carlsen, et al (2000, pp 245), stated that the ACC Liverpool center has collaborated with a nearby power station to aid it in attaining the above management measures. The power station (Widness power station, PDM) receives the food wastes from ACC Liverpool and converts it into a homogenous puree which is then injected in boilers. The boilers then create a steam that is used to turn the turbines thereby generating electricity from it. Hilier (2000, pp 440), also noted that the wastes from the exhibitions and conferences are sorted and recycled into a re-use state when they are taken to the Orchid environmental. Apart from the above measures that aid ACC Liverpool, it is also observed that it has two main parts that are used for live performances. The BT convention center and Echo arena hosted over 450 live events including the Davis cup and other concerts which saw its growth and development (Carlen and Taylor, 2003, pp 18). The parts have very supportive teams that makes sure that the venues are kept clean and in a world class state so as to attract even prominent individuals for their leisure tours and travel. They also contribute a good percentage in the landfill project to aid in environment conservation. ACC Liverpool also has an advantage over the other centers in that it is centrally located in the country and has an easy access from the European airport. The center has decided to maximize the potentials arrived at by its location and accessibility to Europeans that come in and out of the country. It has also enacted a prestigious communication system called MCI which oversees organization of all events and communications within the center. The constant increase of international services to the United Kingdom has made the ACC Liverpool to be on toes for better services and involvement in the renowned business forums for international travel and meeting industry, EIBTM, 2009. It has maintained an up to date technology services to ensure that it increases it familiarity within the city as a destination of United Kingdom. It has established links with the research and innovative world by hosting homes to top world class universities, cancer and other infections research centers and finally science parks that keep up with the present technology. In the competition market, ACC Liverpool has gained a lot of popularity among the destinations of United Kingdom comparing itself to other conferences held in America, Australia and Canada. Golden (2007, pp 150), reports that it is said that it will host for the first time, international society for the scholarships of teaching and learning (ISSOTL) which is a large conference event that have been held in other international centers for the past years. Being the first time for United Kingdom hosting such a big event in its working years, it has made super preparations in the BT convention so that the event will be at its best and in the same time taking the economy at a higher level in the economy. The management team has made efforts to increase the services it offers to its clients thereby looking forward to be top most destination in United Kingdom. According to Jago et al (2003, pp 12), the management has also ensured that it safeguards its clients by thoroughly maintaining health and security services at the right time. It has also enacted a better communication system that is client sensitive including providing earpieces designed to give total comfort to the crowd in conferences. It has enhanced its audio clarity in that speech can be audible and clear to the audiences attending the conferences. Liverpool has the largest number of buildings which are notably said to be important than even the cities like London in the United Kingdom. Its ware front area is in a prestigious location because it places it near famous world sites such as the Great Wall of China, Taj Mahal and Stonehenge. It is also hosts the famous football club , Liverpool FC, apart from other sporting activities which includes golf courses and horse racing at Haydock park (Golden (2007, pp 19). The transportation sector is well defined and it includes the air transport, road and rail transport. It has accessible road transport and a very fast rail transport which are easily available to the clients who want to travel through the region. Jones (2005, pp 242), notably stated that Liverpool has incorporated other international agencies in its operations which are responsible I conducting researches on matters such as radioactive waste management and environmental mitigation measures. The international atomic energy agency has been supporting Liverpool preparing technical programs, presentation and promotion of the conference to other member countries in the world and finally providing financial assistance when they in a crisis. Liverpool has incorporated the system of incentive travel to its clients which is, defined by Golden (2007, pp 18), a tool that is used to motivate participants to continue increasing support to accomplishing an organizational goal or statement mission. Carlen and Taylor (2003, pp 18), further noticed that the figure obtained from the above system was used by the conference center to calculate the impact it had on its immediate environment as a destination center. The management was in a position to calculate the total amount that was invested in the conference centers and also calculate the number of employments it created in each city where the conference centers were located. Some of the negative impacts a convention has on its destination include diverse effects on the environment through emitting harmful carbon dioxide in the air, depositing high level of wastes from exhibitions and food just alongside the conferences creating an unhealthy environment to the clients. Another impact created on the environment includes loud noise from the aircrafts which pollutes the environment by noise pollution or depleting the ozone layer thereby threatening the lives of those living and working along those areas (Jones, 2005, pp 245) All the above impacts have been looked unto by the management of Liverpool and safer steps taken to ensure that the environment is conducive. They have developed use of quieter aircrafts to reduce noise pollution, enrolled themselves in the international hotel environment initiatives, have adopted waste management and recycling strategies to ensure that all wastes are taken care of and do not have an effect on the clients. They have also initiated the use of more energy efficient systems, the use of better and advanced technological services such as use of emails and electronic use to reduce the waste of exhibition papers. The conventions also affect the society and community socially when the conferences are held in town and there is need for security to the clients. This will mean that the local residents near the conventions will not be in a position to move about freely as some of the areas will be branded as a no go zone for them. According to Golden (2007, pp 18), such impacts may also reduce business activities in the area including lack of shopping activities and carrying out of trade within the area vicinity. Such impacts in the community are not usually paid attention to by those in the management because they view such conferences in terms of economic contribution to the area in which the conference is being held from. Those living there also benefit from such conventions when they get employed to work in the organization thus improving their living standards. Conclusion Carlen and Taylor (2003, pp 19), observed that Liverpool took the initiative to promote a positive influence to those living within the vicinity of the company. It has led to improvement of living standards to the residents there by creating job opportunities that enables them to appreciate their services in the area. It also supports its staff members by incorporating them in making the organizational decision so that their needs can also be catered for besides the needs of the clients. The need to create a good decision when selecting a location of a conference center as a destination has led to Liverpool working alongside the marketing organizations which conducts researches on it to asses an area that generate an increased conference business. It has also taken initiatives in using marketing strategies and principles with the aim of fulfilling the customers needs. All these measures are undertaken by ACC Liverpool to ensure its business flourishes in the world as it competes with other destinations in United Kingdom.

Dangers Involved with School Bullying Essay -- Bully, School Violence,

School Bullying School is the primary place where children spend their day with peers. As social and economic status plays a big part in the behavior of children. In early child hood income can effects the child’s academic level and behavioral problems later. By the time a child reaches middle school income levels do not influence negative behavior. But when the child reaches high school they could be teased for how the dress because they may not have nice clothes like other kids, or simply choose to dress differently. Which can lead to school bulling. Bullying is a major problem and needs to be prevented. A bully is defined as aggressive behavior or to harm a person repeatedly overtime. School bullying can start anytime from elementary to high school. Over 5.7 teens in the United States are involved in school bullying(about.com). Boys tend to be more physically bullied as girls are more prone to being bullied verbally. According to the National Conference of State Legislature, boys who are often bullied can be five times as likely to be more or severely depressed and four times more likely to be suicidal. Girls are three times more likely to be severely depressed and eight times more likely to be suicidal. Some children are afraid to go to school, which can lead to poor grades or lack of concentration. It is hard for students to focus at school when they are worried about their bully. Bullying can make school a place of fear and can lead to school violence. The dangers of school bullying can be seen in the Columbine Massacre which was listed as one of the top five deadliest shootings in the history of the United States. On April 20,1999 in a small town in Littleton, Colorado. Two high students Dylan Klebold an... ... Each school needs to evaluate how their potential risk and which measures to take to ensure the safety of students and staff. In addition, some schools have speakers come in and tell their story about what happened to them and how it has affected their lives. Some students may relate to a story and in turn can have a huge impact on their emotions as well as their behavior. In the end school bullying has been around for centuries and will continue for many more years, but prevention and awareness are key to reducing the problem with school bullying. Sources Cited â€Å"A Better Way to Handle Juvenile Delinquency† International Child and Youth Care Network. Vol.12 .No.2. Page 350, Oct. 2004 http://childparenting.about.com/od/schoollearning/tp/bullying-in-schools-what-parents-should-know.htm http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070419/19columbine.htm

The Development Of Foreign Direct Investment Economics Essay

One of the most important consequences of globalisation in the universe economic system is the development of foreign direct investing among states. Foreign direct investing steering rule plays a critical function in the growing of economic, socio-cultural alterations and development in states around the universe. International trade and foreign direct investing are comparative constructs fundamentally which enables the free motion of labour and capital across the universe or between states without much monitory minutess. This proposes for an indirect association between international trade and exchange production factors between two or more states. The greater advantages of international trade and foreign direct investing is cost advantage in footings of production and concern facilitation, which means the a state bring forthing a peculiar good and handiness of natural stuffs are relatively less so in such state of affairs they would take advantages of other states resorts and facto rs of production become economical ( Euro Journals, 2012 ) FDI plays a critical function in growing of economic system because they tend to be more productive than the investing of local houses. It caused to convey alterations in the production method and it has led to important positive spread out effects on the labour productiveness of domestic houses. Socio-economic and political factors are matters a batch in the influx of foreign direct investing in a state, because the investing has some basic things to be satisfy like the stableness in policy, steady authorities, legal facets as such. So to pull foreign direct investing influx with broad constabularies Hs hence becomes a cardinal combat zone in the emerging markets. The foreign direct investing itself create a wider scope for attract other investors to put and to be invest. The vision of new growing chances and bulky net incomes promote big investing flow across a scope of industry and chance types. When the foreign direct investing take topographic point a concern which has already e xist in the market of state, the per centum of competition would increase quickly merely to last in the market. And this led has led to competition among states in explicating flexible policies that and supplying encouragement to private investors to put more. Basically t a state would accept the policies and processs based on the resorts ( Borensztein, E, 1998 ) In 21st century Brazil, Russia, India and China have obtained important function in the universe economic system as manufacturer of goods and services and the approaching universe super powers. Now a twenty-four hours ‘s universe looking into BRIC states due to the high potency clients and big population fundamentally it pull immense sum of capital. By 2050 BRIC states will go dominant economic system in the universe because it has high economic potency. BRIC nations found a greater place in emerging markets and these states have the fastest turning economic systems. The BRIC states are listed as emerging economic systems but these states as a whole bash non hold any trade or incorporate economic brotherhood. Now a twenty-four hours ‘s a good per centums of foreign direct investing bend to Brazil, Russia, India and China, chiefly Goldman Sachs investing bank to stand for BRIC states as an Economic Block. Global competition for FDI had given the bargaining power to Multi- National Corporation and their Alliess ( Boros Torstila, 1990 ) . Due to the influx of foreign direct investing states started to liberalise their policies fundamentally on decrease in entry revenue enhancements, ordinances, environmental clearances and demand on working conditions for pulling FDIs. Gold adult male Sachs the representative of BRIC states predicted that China and India are likely to emerge as dominant planetary providers of manufactured goods and services while Brazil and Russia to dominant in supply of Raw stuffs ( Journal of Business Science, 2010 ) . The importance of ‘Developing state ‘ is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Africa and Latin American states are the chief competition for BRIC states. The potency of Africa particularly South Africa, the largest economic system in the part is besides plays a critical function in Global economic growing and development and it is challenge for BRIC state ‘s development. If the right policy take topographic point South Africa, they would obtain five per centum of growing in following decennary, study show in the survey of Goldman Sachs. Now the projected figure depicts that South Africa achieved the similar growing as BRIC states have obtained. The important function of FDI in the development of economic system and living experience of BRIC economic systems paid attendings of remainder of the universe. Therefore the universe market and investings are looking into it. On other manus this sort of FDI investing caused to make an unofficial relation betwee n such and such states. The of import potency of this states are in human resources and possible clients, who can afford the slandered of life. The chief and for most of import ground behind the growing of BRIC states is the salvaging outlook of people, when the save resources for future it leads to maintain a good modesty for state. Once the militias has got excess which means the state has possible to put and high capital ratio. In the recent yearss BRIC states exhibited economical strength in the face of the US recognition convulsion and growing diminution. BRIC states differentiate a cyclical constituent of strong domestic demand growing. The economic growing of a state is reference with the consequence of several factors like alterations in labour and capital inputs, entire factor productiveness as such. The entire productiveness captures technological advancement and efficiency additions and residuary remain unexplained due to alterations in labour and capital inputs. However the BRIC states are differ in footings of their growing chances ( Vijayakumar, Sridharan, Rao, 2010 ) The important factors which favorable for Brazil, Russia, India and China is the demographic tendencies, labour supply kineticss and urbanization ratios. Basically BRIC states are good sounded in population. The constructs such urbanisation, industrialisation, mercerization and Internationals helps China from a poorness afflicted state to largest economic system in the universe. A low urbanisation ratio of 40 per cent in China may assist to antagonize the jutting diminution in the on the job age of the urbanisation by leting the transportation of labour from the countryside into the more productive urban economic system. But the instance of Brazil is such different from the remainder of squad because urbanisations have already done in Brazil in a greater scope. It is good structured developed state in the universe. The figures are demoing that 20 per cent addition in population of working age between the twelvemonth 2005 and 2025. Due to the influence of urbanisation Russia gets smal l aid will come from excess rural labour. From the South Asiatic demographic point of position, India confronting most promising economic place with solid growing of population and lower grade of urbanisation. Initial phase India was confronting the rivals of urban development and substructure. But the recent tendency of capital accretion favour to China and India. Assuming the investing ratio does non alter dramatically over the following old ages, China and India face much brighter chance than Brazil, Russia. Currency domestic investing ratios are around 40 per cent and 30 per cent of GDP in China and India severally, were as an investing ratio of Brazil, Russia history to 20 per cent of GDP. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 2012, Foreign Direct Investment in BRIC Countries: A Panel Data Analysis of the Trends and Determinations of FDI, [ online ] , Accessed on January 2013 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eurojournals.com/EJEFAS.htm Borensztein, E, 1998, Hoe does foreign investing affect growing? Journal of International Economics, Volume 45 Boros – Torstila, J, 1999, The Determinants of foreign Direct Investment operation of Finnish MNCs in passage economic systems, Helsinki: ETLA, The Research Institute of Finnish Economy. Journal of Business Science and Applied Management, 2010, Determinants of FDI in BRICs Countries: A panel analysis, Volume 5, Issue 3, [ online ] , Accessed on Nararyanamurthy Vijayakumar, Perumal Sridharan, Kode CHangra Sekhrar Rao, 2010, Determinants of FDI in BRIC Countries: A panel analysis, [ Online ] , Accessed on February 2013. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business-and-management.org/download.php? file=2010/5_3 — 1 — 13-Vijayakumar, Sridharan, Rao.pdf

Rights of the Child in National and International Essays

Rights of the Child in National and International Essays Rights of the Child in National and International Contexts Theoretical Aspects. Vygotsky observed children as active learners who wish to make sense of their experience and he observed learning taking place in a social context. He discerned a process through which children grew into the intellectual life of the more mature children and adults around them. This was very much unlike Piaget who saw cognition and intellectual growth developing in a child in several maturational stages. To Vygotsky every function in the child's cultural development appears twice. First on the social level and later, on the individual level; first between people (inter Psychological) and then inside the child (intra Psychological) (cited at p 32 of S. Bartlett et al 2004) Vygotsky's seminal work was on the relationship between language and thought, for him "language was generated from the need to communicate and was central to development of thinking". Vygotsky also stressed importance of talk as a learning tool. Pupil talk is encouraged as it allows learners to refine what they know through expression of their thoughts. "Reports of some Eminence have reinforced the status of talk in the class room" (cited p 139 S. Bartlett et al 2004) Examples of such reports are the Bullock report (1975) Assessment of Performance unit report (1986). Concept of Psychological tools was a cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory. To him these tools serve as " a bridge between individual acts of cognition and the symbolic socio cultural requirements of these acts" (Kozulin 1998 cited at P138 in S Bartleet et al 2004) He explained inter cultural cognitive differences to "variances in systems of such tools and methods of their acquisition practiced in different cultures" (cited at P 140 of S. Bartlett et al 2004) The work of Vygotsky has pedagogical implication implying a problem solving approach for the learner and a enabling role for the Teacher. Brown (1994 :7 cited at P 141 in S Bartleet et al 2004) argued that "students navigate by different routes and at different rates but the push is towards upper rather than lower levels of competence". Grouping and pairing of learners with similar capacities was observed by Bruner as advantageous. In encouraging learning, to Bruner, good pedagogy encourages students to discover principles by themselves; the teacher provides an assistant's role. This implies an exercise of "scaffolding" put up by teacher, removed, when felt no longer necessary. A concept introduced by Vygotsky to explain the distance between a child's actual development as determined by independent problem solving and level of potential development under guidance with elders or peers was described as Zone of Proximal Development (cited at P 35 in Fifty Great Modern Thinkers, J.A. Palmer Routeledge London reprint 2004). These zones vary from pupil to pupil and extent of variation may pose a challenge to the teacher. Broenfen bremer (1979) offered a model of ecological systems to explain inter connectedness of environmental factors that impact on a child's learning. He proposed four "nested systems" of development. A micro system (home, class room) a Meso system (links between micro systems) an Exo system (setting where child does not participate and a Macro system (ideology, subculture where child lives). This model helps explain the inter connectedness of environmental factors, and its impact on a child's learning. As for example, how Health, parental care, national level policy decisions impact on a child's learning. (cited at p 151 of S. Bartlett et al 2004) Critical Awareness Child labour and child work are two terms that have been used alternatively. Generally a difference has been noted in house hold work and work outside the house hold. In such situations there is reference to external child labour or hidden or invisible child labour. Several authorities have identified worst forms of child labour and differences between "labour" and "work". In order to have a more meaningful understanding of the terms one goes back to the cause of child labour and remedies to such causes which may lead to programmes and campaigns that are preventive. Poverty drives the child to enter the labour market often exposing the child to dangerous and abusive work conditions. Child labour is defined by the UNCRC article 32 as the right to be protected from economic exploitation and from participating in any work that is hazardous or interferes with the child's education health or development. Work is identified as activities undertaken by children to contribute to their own and or family income. Some working children see it as dignified as it contributes to family survival others see work as harmful and exploitative. (http//www/savethechildren.org.uk/scuk.cache/cmsattach/411-childlabour) Save the children a Non government orgnaisation that takes a pragmatic approach to child labour

Required High School Exit Exams

Required High School Exit Exams Free Online Research Papers Passing grades just doesn’t guarantee graduation and a high school diploma anymore in many public schools across the nation. To ensure that students who receive high school diplomas meet basic requirements of academic proficiency and job readiness, many states across the nation have adopted the exit exams that students must pass in order to graduate and receive a diploma. State exit exams are most often based on 10th grade proficiency standards; a few states aligned their exams to the 8th and 9th grade levels and some others to the 11th and 12th grade levels (www.cep-dc.org August 2006). The number of states that are implementing this law is on the rise throughout the United States. The high school exit exam covers skills in language arts and math. There are several mixed feelings on whether high school exit exams should be required both positive and negative. These mixed feelings come from many different kinds of people such as students, parents, teachers and even politicia ns. Along with these exit exam comes controversy, hidden cost, and the possibilities of drop out rates sky rocketing to record lows. The over all intentions of this law are set to help students and prepare them for the future in the â€Å"real world† as we sometimes refer to life after high school. There have been positive outcomes from states that have implemented the law that requires students to pass their high school exit exams in order to graduate and receive a high school diploma. According to the Center on Education policy (CED) about 90 percent of high school seniors ultimately pass the test, although a high percentage of students fail the first time they take it (Kavan Peterson, Stateline.org, 2005). There are many ways for students to prepare for these high school exit exams to include, preparation books, web sites and additional tutoring by high schools. The average exit exam is aligned with the 10th grade education level. The students can take the test up to eight times during their high school years, which offers plenty of opportunities and should be no problem for high school seniors to pass. It is arguable that the high school exit exams are necessary in order receive a diploma, but it also helps to maintain its value as academic achievement. By setting these sta ndards the value of diplomas will be credible for employers and institutions of higher learning, which use them as indicators of the possession of necessary skills to perform a specific employment. As I stated before states are providing different opportunities in order to help students pass the high school exit exams. In some cases Arizona, Washington, and Maryland have expanded their alternate paths in order to help students that are struggling to pass the exit exam. Some of the alternatives offered are substitution of SAT and ACT scores, receiving credit toward exam scores for satisfactory course grades, waivers and appeals process. There are currently twenty subject tests apart of the SAT, all of which fall under the general subjects of English, history, math, science, and languages. Some states allow students to use their exit exams even if they have transferred from another state. Out of the 25 states that currently require or are in the process of requiring exit exams, more than one third offer remediation to students as well as working to find the most effective type of remediation to be most beneficial to the student. Where as California has nearly tripled it’s spending; to help remediate students who have failed the exam. The implementation of high school exit exams could motivate schools to better serve the students and their educational needs therefore; by implementing the high school exit exam schools could see the number of high school graduates increase. As more and more states adopt the high school exit exam, schools are trying to align their curriculum with the exams in order to prepare students for the exam when the time comes. By implementing these high school exit exams it not only prepares students for job readiness and higher learning, but it points out particular areas where students have deficiencies, therefore, helping to improve and focus on the more effective education curriculum. While there are many people supporting the high school exit exams, there are many opposing the high school exit exam as a requirement in order to graduate and receive a diploma? Opponents of the high school exit exam requirement, complain that the exam will drive already low graduation rates even lower. Critics feel that it is fundamentally unfair to deny students their high school diploma after completing thirteen- years of school. Because of the high school exit exams many students who have planned to attend college or pursue a military career do not have that option unless they successfully pass the exam. Since the high school exit exam has been implemented, English language learners and students with disabilities tend to have the lowest pass rates on the exam, yet only 4 out of the 25 states with current or planned exit exams offer special options, other than test accommodations. While states participate and join the forces of implementing high school exit exams nation wide, th e cost in which it will take to finance these exams is not exactly covered. Most often the cost of exit exams is imposed on districts with little to no support from the state and districts reduce other education programs to cover these hidden costs (www.cep-dc.org September 2006). It is unfair to require students to pass test on material they haven’t been taught and schools have yet to get new textbooks, and teachers haven’t been trained to standards. By requiring students to take the high school exit exams, too many students would not be able to graduate from high school, putting them at risk of failure in life and increasing their chances of dropping out. Education researchers fear that the high school exit exams will intimidate students and lead to higher drop out rates, especially among low income or disabled students and Black and Latino high school students who fail at higher rates than white or Asian students. The Manhattan Institute for policy research uses two highly respected rate calculations to figure out if the high school exit exams are effective or not. The results show that adopting a high school exit exam has no effect on state’s graduation rate. Some states set the high school exit exam to a middle school level, with tha t in mind where is the high school student even being challenged or when students in high school should be preparing for college. The high school exit exam appears to be a waste of time. The â€Å"real† problems in the education systems that need to be fixed are the poor learning conditions, rather than a high school exit exam. A quote I came across that doesn’t support the high school exit exam said, â€Å"Exit exams aggravate existing inequalities and do NOTHING to enhance academic excellence. They are a phony fix to a complex problem.† (New York Times article by Applied Research Center, Feb. 24, 1999.) The most group of students that appear to be having the difficulties are the minorities. With that in mind, the high school exit exams could be singling out the minority group of students and causing a wedge between the many different cultures in our nation. High schools already have class grades, portfolios and final exam, requirements in order to graduate and receive a diploma, for that reason the added high school exit exam creates another stress for students and these measurements are far more accurate determinants of both their performance and their knowledge. After extensive research on whether high school exit exams are necessary and effective in order to graduate and receive a high school diploma, I’ve come to the conclusion to believe that high school exit exams should not be required in order to graduate and receive a high school diploma. I feel that yes they could help schools and teacher assess on areas in the learning curriculum that need improvement. Although, by demanding this exit exam many students who are barely making it could be held back and become discouraged, therefore dropping out of high school where they might have had a chance if it wasn’t for the exit exam. The high school exit exam is not completely aligned with the curriculum that is being taught in schools, so the students are hardly even prepared, when the time comes to take the exam. Students already have graduation requirements which they have to maintain in order to graduate, for example finals, reports, portfolios, therefore this high school e xit exam could be hurting them more than helping them. I believe there are many other problems within the education systems, such as qualified teachers, adequate learning environments and sufficient learning materials. So by applying the high school exit exam the real problems are not being fixed, but only being masked by a useless test. Work Cited Hoor Bahnpuri, Susuan K. Sexton, â€Å"State high school exit exam: hidden cost†, Center on Education Policy, 2006, cep-dc.org Daniel Weintraub, â€Å"High school exit exams under fire† Scientifically correct, July 21, 2003, scientificallycorrect.com Jack Jennings, â€Å"State high school exit exams: A challenging year†, Center on Education Policy, August 2006, cep-dc.org Kavan Peterson, High school exit exams on the rise†, Stateline, May 23, 2005, Statline.org Eric Kelderman, High school exit exams set low bar, Stateline, June 10, 2004, Stateline.org Jay P Greene, Ph.D., Push Out or Pulled Up? Exit exams and dropout rates in public high schools†, Manhattan institute for policy research, May 5, 2004, manhattan-institute.org Research Papers on Required High School Exit ExamsStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Genetic EngineeringDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay

The Bhagavad Gita Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bhagavad Gita - Term Paper Example Although if it were easy, then every man would know and practice justice, which is not the case; The possibility of attaining spiritual enlightenment by following the holy text of the Gita is rampant in an individual's sub conscious and needs to be tapped in order for him to feel it, by reading the verses and making personal revelations. Lord Krishna answers questions regarding the moral dilemmas that Arjuna has been facing regarding battling his own cousins who imposed tyrannical rule over the empire, by turning despotic. Krishna takes it upon himself to advocate the duties that a warrior and a prince should have, elaborating the same to Arjuna, through the ideas of ‘karma’, ‘moksha’, ‘Samkhya’ and the various ‘yogas’. The Gita is also called the ‘Song of the Divine One’ and is an attempt to explain the purpose of life to Arjuna via the attainment of enlightenment by understanding the dedication one should have towards the worship of God. The discourse takes place as Krishna urges Arjuna to fight the battle despite his friends and relatives being on the other side and thus explains to him the necessity for the war in order to establish a just society. He does the same by trying to explain to Arjuna how one must fight without any sort of guilt on a battlefield because the soul of a person always remains eternal and thus cannot be destroyed or made to lose its lustre. In the context of the soul, Krishna says, â€Å"It is not killed when the body is killed†¦ the embodied self discards its worn-out bodies to take on other new ones.† The body is like a material part of the ephemeral world that man lives within and merely is a house for the soul for a temporary period of time before the body decays and the soul moves into another body for shelter. This very soul is made of God’s energy according to the Gita, and thus, has a permanent form and is infinite in nature. â€Å"Learned men do not grieve for the dead or the living.  Never have I not existed†¦ never in the future shall we cease to exist.† Krishna’s words are an attempt to explain to Arjuna how he should not have second thoughts about fighting because this is the only opportunity that he has in order to bring about peace in the land by winning the battle. Everyone is aware of the fact that the battle cannot be won without Arjuna’s skills and thus he is made to understand that even if he dies during the fight, his soul will attain peace and enlightenment in the form of another body. However, pertaining to the thesis, spiritual attainment should come to every man in order to make him understand that the war should not be fought in the first place because even though it promises to bring about balance, it also is a cause for a vast amount of bloodshed and spread of hatred among the people, something that God should initially condemn, looking at the philosophy that He teaches. Thu s, this brings about a debate on whether or not spiritual attainment is possible at all and how it may help people to restore unity and humanity. The main purpose of the speech that Krishna gives, that makes up the Bhagavad Gita, is to restore balance and order among Earth which can only be done if the war at Kurukshetra is won by Arjuna. Thus, the Gita aims to enlighten Arjuna of the sacred duty that he has to fight and Krishna describes the same as, â€Å"

The new proposed lease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The new proposed lease - Research Paper Example The liabilities and assets are indicated on balance sheet and the assets are depreciated (Ellis & Peppin, 2007). The lease obligations are amortized over the passage of as debt. However, according to the new lease accounting rules, the assets and liabilities are not expressed in the balance sheet and payments of lease are calculated in accordance with the straight-line method. In particular, the operating leases are treated as liabilities and assets in the off-balance sheet (Narayananswamy, 2008; Ellis & Peppin, 2007). The new standard for lease accounting has changed the way in which leases are maintained for the accounting purposes. The changes behind the theory are depicted by FASB. These changes are made in order to help the companies recognize their assets and liabilities from the leases. The changes are expected to improve the existing lease requirements. According to the new lease accounting strategy, a particular lessee should consider net present value (NPV) of the lease pay ments as the liability. It should also identify the right to employ the asset, which represents the payments of lease that are attributable over the time period of lease (Narayananswamy, 2008). Type A: Â  This lease aims at identifying front-load expenses that are expressed in the income statement. It deals with most of the lease assets other than properties that are owned by the lessee i.e. vehicle and equipment and vehicles. This type of leases is predicted to cover an important part of the useful life of the asset or present value (PV) of lease payments. The PV of the lease payments effectively identifies the fair value of underlying assets. Type A leaseholders recognizes the right-to-use asset and lease liability that are measured as PV of the lease payments in future. The leaseholders should also evaluate the relaxation that is obtained from discount on lease liability. The interests are calculated separately from that of amortization of